中国人民银行


中国人民银行关于进一步加强对有市场、有效益、有信用中小企业信贷支持的指导意见

银发 〔2002〕 224号


中国人民银行各分行、营业管理部，各省会(首府)城市中心支行；各国有独资商业银行、股份制商业银行：
近几年，各家银行认真贯彻中央扩大内需的方针采取了一系列措施支持中小企业发展。1998年、1999年，中国人民银行先后印发了《关于进一步改善中小企业金融服务的意见》（银发〔1998〕278号）以及《关于加强和改进对小企业金融服务的指导意见》（银发〔1999〕379号），各商业银行进一步加强和改进了对中小企业金融服务，取得了积极的效果。但是，仍然有部分有市场、有效益、有信用的中小企业合理的资金需求没有得到满足，相当一部分中小企业反映贷款难。
中小企业贷款难的原因是多方面的：部分中小企业自身素质差、资本金不足、资信情况不透明；市场竞争加剧，直接融资渠道狭窄，社会信用环境差，社会中介服务体系不完善等是主要原因。从银行方面看，部分商业银行对中小企业贷款营销观念不强，在强化约束机制的同时缺乏激励机制，在机构设置、信用评级、贷款权限、内部管理等方面，不能完全适应中小企业对金融服务的需求。
解决中小企业贷款难，需要企业、银行、政府、全社会共同努力，需要采取综合措施。各商业银行要在坚持信贷原则的前提下，加大支持中小企业发展的力度。要充分认识发展中小企业对落实中央扩大内需、增加就业、保持社会稳定的重要意义，对产权明晰、管理规范、资产负债率低、有一定自有资本金、产品有订单、销售资金回笼好、无逃废债记录、不欠息、资信状况良好的有市场、有效益、有信用的中小企业，积极给予信贷支持，尽量满足这部分中小企业合理的流动资金需求。为此，提出以下意见：
　　一、按照国家的产业政策确定中小企业贷款投向
各商业银行对符合国家产业政策要求、有一定科技含量、有良好产业发展前景、发展潜力较大的中小企业，优先给予信贷支持；对不符合国家产业政策要求的，要限制或禁止贷款，防止出现新的“小而全”、重复建设、产业结构趋同和资源浪费、环境污染；对低水平重复建设的固定资产投资项目，一律不得给予任何形式的信贷支持。
二、建立健全中小企业信贷服务的组织体系
各国有独资商业银行都要设立专门为中小企业服务的信贷部门，专门研究、制定和督促、落实支持中小企业发展的相关政策措施，明确提出支持中小企业发展的工作目标、实施步骤，并定期考核。总行、省分行以及各级分支行要按季编制信贷资金计划，基层营业机构要及时了解和掌握本地中小企业对贷款的需求情况，主动发现和培育中小企业客户，及时上报中小企业信贷计划，经批准后认真组织实施。
各股份制商业银行要把支持中小企业发展作为工作重点，结合本行实际，把培育和发展中小企业作为一项重要的发展策略，防止贷款过度向大企业、大客户集中而潜伏新的信贷风险；各城市商业银行要从各地经济发展的实际出发，立足地方、服务市民，以发展地方经济为己任，重点为地方中小企业服务；各城市信用社要根据自身经营特点，进一步提高对中小企业的服务水平。
三、进一步建立和完善适合中小企业特点的评级和授信制度
各商业银行要制定科学的、切合实际的中小企业信用评级制度，客观评定中小企业的信用等级。对中小企业特别是对小型企业的信用评级办法，要进一步加以改进，实事求是地界定中小企业的信用等级。
要建立和完善适合中小企业特点的授信制度，合理确定中小企业授信额度。对中小企业特别是小型企业的授信，在制度和标准上要有别于大企业，要符合不同地区的实际情况，防止由于信贷授信不及时或标准过高而将大部分中小企业排斥在信贷支持对象之外。
四、适当下放中小企业流动资金贷款审批权限
各商业银行要根据不同地区的实际情况及各分支行信贷管理水平和风险控制能力，合理确定各级行的贷款审批权。对中小企业流动资金贷款的审批权，各商业银行要实事求是地确定，在现有基础上，适当下放。要防止由于贷款审批权过度集中或审批环节过多，影响对有市场、有效益、有信用中小企业的及时信贷支持。
五、对符合条件的中小企业可以发放信用贷款
各商业银行对经贷款审查、评估，确认资信良好、确能偿还贷款的中小企业，尤其是对已经评定为本行优质客户的中小企业，可以发放信用贷款。各商业银行要提高对信贷风险的识别和管理能力，提高对企业还款能力的分析水平，防止过分依赖担保防范风险和回避责任的倾向，积极开拓信贷市场。
六、健全贷款营销的约束和激励机制
各商业银行要牢固树立资金营销的观念，坚持以利润为中心、以市场为导向，健全激励约束机制，实行全面考核，调动分支行行长及广大信贷工作人员的积极性。改进服务方式，积极创造条件实行客户经理制，科学合理地制定信贷人员发放、回收贷款的综合考核办法，鼓励信贷人员在提高贷款质量的前提下，积极发展新客户，增加新贷款；进一步完善不良贷款的责任追究制度，客观公正地考核评价信贷人员的工作绩效，不要提出诸如新增贷款不良率必须为零的不切实际的要求。
七、合理确定中小企业贷款期限和额度
各商业银行要根据各地中小企业的不同生产周期、市场特征及资金需求，合理确定贷款期限。要防止脱离中小企业的生产和流通实际需要，人为延长或缩短贷款期限，给中小企业增加利息负担和贷款困难。
各商业银行要从中小企业的实际出发，适应中小企业贷款额度小、频率高的特点，尽量满足其合理流动资金贷款需求，不得设置最低贷款额度限制。
八、提高信贷工作效率
在保证贷款质量的前提下，各家银行要适当简化贷款手续，减少审批环节。对中小企业流动资金贷款申请，应在收到书面申请后15个工作日内给予答复，如延长答复时间，须说明理由。要努力提高信贷人员素质，加强对信贷人员的培训，提高信贷人员的服务水平和工作效率。
九、努力开展信贷创新
各商业银行要在注意防范和化解信贷风险的基础上，努力开展中小企业信贷创新。在报人民银行备案同意后，可以试办中小企业专利权质押贷款等信贷新业务；可以接受客户委托，对一些中小企业账户实行银行托管，对贷款的现金流，实行全过程监控，确保还款资金来源。
十、人民银行各分支行要加强对中小企业贷款的协调和监督
人民银行各分支行要把贯彻落实本指导意见作为一项重要工作来抓，确保本指导意见提出的各项措施落到实处。要主动关心地方经济发展，及时掌握中小企业发展状况，了解中小企业需求，协调和促进银企关系健康发展；要注意发挥银行信贷登记咨询系统的作用，改善中小企业信用环境；要加强与政府有关部门的沟通，拓宽中小企业融资渠道，协助完善中小企业担保体系，为中小企业发展创造良好的外部条件；要发挥好人民银行对中小金融机构再贷款的作用，督促中小金融机构将再贷款主要用于支持中小企业的发展。
请人民银行各分行、营业管理部将本文转发至辖区内各城市商业银行、城市信用社。




二○○二年八月一日




国家工商局 对对外贸易经济合作部


国家工商行政管理局、对外贸易经济合作部关于设立外商投资广告企业的若干规定(附英文)

1994年11月3日，国家工商管理局、对外经贸部

第一条 为了更好地推动我国广告业为对外开放服务，保证外商投资广告企业的质量，促进我国广告业健康发展，制定本规定。
第二条 本规定所称外商投资广告企业，是指中外合资、合作经营广告业务的企业。
第三条 设立外商投资广告企业，应当遵循《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国广告法》、《广告管理条例》、《广告经营者资质标准及广告经营范围核定用语规范》等有关法律、法规、规章。
第四条 外商投资广告企业的项目建议书和可行性研究报告，由国家工商行政管理局审定。外商投资广告企业的经营范围，由国家工商行政管理局依据《广告经营者资质标准及广告经营范围核定用语规范》，根据外商投资广告企业的类型，按设计、制作、发布、代理国内外广告业务的不同范围，分别予以核定。外商投资广告企业的合同和章程，由对外贸易经济合作部审查批准。
第五条 设立外商投资广告企业，按下列程序办理：
（一）外商投资广告企业的中方合营（含合作，下同）者，向所在地有外商投资企业核准登记权的工商行政管理局呈报设立外商投资广告企业的项目建议书和可行性研究报告，由其提出初审意见，经省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市工商行政管理局核转，报国家工商行政管理局审定。
中方合营者为国务院部、委、局直属企业的，中方合营者向其主管部门呈报设立外商投资广告企业的项目建议书和可行性研究报告，经审核同意后，转报国家工商行政管理局审定。
国家工商行政管理局自收到全部呈报文件之日起三十天内，作出同意或不同意的决定。
（二）国家工商行政管理局颁发《外商投资广告企业项目审定意见书》后，由中方合营者向所在地外经贸部门呈报设立外商投资广告企业的合同和章程，经省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市外经贸部门核转，报对外贸易经济合作部审批。
中方合营者为国务院部、委、局直属企业的，中方合营者向其主管部门呈报设立外商投资广告企业的合同、章程。主管部门审核同意后，转报对外贸易经济合作部审批。
对外贸易经济合作部依照国家有关外商投资的法律、法规，在规定的期限内决定批准或不批准。
（三）中方合营者持国家工商行政管理局颁发的《外商投资广告企业项目审定意见书》和对外贸易经济合作部颁发的批准证书及法律、法规规定的其他文件，按企业登记注册的有关规定，向国家工商行政管理局或有外商投资企业核准登记权的地方工商行政管理局办理企业法人登记注册手续。
外商投资广告企业申请设立分支机构，由省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市外经贸部门或国务院部、委、局审核同意后，转报对外贸易经济合作部，对外贸易经济合作部在征求国家工商行政管理局意见后，决定批准或不批准。
第六条 设立外商投资广告企业，除符合有关法律、法规规定的条件外，还应具备以下条件：
（一）合营各方必须是具有一定规模的以经营广告业务为主的企业法人；
（二）能够引进国际先进的广告制作技术和设备；
（三）具有市场调查、广告策划和广告效果测定等能力；
（四）能够在广告策划、创意、设计、制作和经营管理等方面培训中国职员；
（五）注册资本不低于30万美元。
第七条 申请设立分支机构的外商投资广告企业，应具备以下基本条件：
（一）注册资本全部缴清；
（二）年营业额不低于2000万元人民币；
（三）分支机构所在地须有3个以上相对固定的广告客户。
第八条 申请设立外商投资广告企业，由中方合营者按本规定第五条规定的程序，向国家工商行政管理局报送下列文件：
（一）申请设立外商投资广告企业的报告；
（二）中方合营者所属主管部门的批准文件；
（三）设立外商投资广告企业的项目建议书；
（四）合营各方共同编制的可行性研究报告；
（五）合营各方的登记注册证明；
（六）合营各方的资信证明；
（七）采用的主要制作设备、技术及其来源证明；
（八）广告管理制度；
（九）地方工商行政管理局的初审意见。
第九条 申请设立外商投资广告企业，应按本规定第五条规定的程序，向对外贸易经济合作部报送下列文件：
（一）地方外经贸部门或国务院部、委、局的报送文件；
（二）国家工商行政管理局颁发的《外商投资广告企业项目审定意见书》；
（三）设立外商投资广告企业的合同、章程；
（四）项目建议书及可行性研究报告；
（五）合营各方的登记注册证明；
（六）合营各方的资信证明；
（七）工商行政管理部门出具的名称核准书；
（八）合营企业的董事会名单及各方董事委派书。
第十条 外商投资广告企业通过审查取得批准证书后，如出现下列情况之一的，应按本规定第五条规定的程序另行报批：
（一）更换合营方；
（二）变更经营范围。
第十一条 外商投资企业申请增加广告经营业务的，参照本规定办理。
第十二条 本规定自一九九五年一月一日起施行。

Regulations of the State Administration for Industry and Commerceand the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation for Establi-shing Foreign-Invested Advertising Enterprises

(Promulgated on November 3, 1994)

Whole document
Regulations of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation for Establishing
Foreign-Invested Advertising Enterprises
(Promulgated on November 3, 1994)
Article 1
These Regulations are hereby formulated with a view to promoting the
advertising industry of China to serve for the open-to-the-outside-world,
assuring the high quality of the foreign-invested advertising enterprises,
and pushing forward the healthy development of the advertising industry of
China.
Article 2
For the purpose of these Regulations, the term "foreign-invested
advertising enterprises" means the enterprises that are engaged in
advertising business in the form of either a Chinese-Foreign equity joint
venture or a Chinese-foreign cooperative joint venture.
Article 3
To apply for the establishment of a foreign-invested advertising
enterprise, related laws, regulations and rules shall be followed, such
as Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-foreign Equity Joint
Ventures, Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-foreign
Cooperative Joint Ventures, The Advertising Law of the People's Republic
of China, Regulations on Advertising Administration, Qualification
Standards of Advertising Operators and Phraseology Norm for the
Examination and Ratification of the Advertising Business Scope, etc.
Article 4
The project proposals and the feasibility study reports of
foreign-invested advertising enterprises shall be examined and approved by
the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. The business scopes of
foreign-invested advertising enterprises that are classified as the
different scopes like designing, producing, media-buying and acting for
advertising business both at home and abroad, shall be approved by the
State Administration for Industry and Commerce, in accordance with The
Qualification Standards of Advertising Operations and Phraseology Norm for
the Examination and Ratification of the Advertising Business Scope and in
the light of the different types of foreign-invested advertising
enterprises. The contracts and the articles of association of
foreign-invested advertising enterprises shall be examined and approved by
the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.
Article 5
For the establishment of a foreign-invested advertising enterprise,
the following procedures shall be followed:
(1) The Chinese party to an equity joint venture advertising
enterprise (including the party to Chinese-foreign cooperative joint
venture, similarly hereinafter) shall submit the project proposal and
feasibility study report for the establishment of a foreign-invested
advertising enterprise to the local administration for industry and
commerce which is authorized to ratify and register enterprises with
foreign investment. With the preliminary examination comments of the local
administration, the administration for industry and commerce at the level
of province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central
Government or the municipalities specifically listed in the State plan
shall examine and transfer those documents to the State Administration for
Industry and Commerce for final examination and approval.
In case the Chinese Party is an enterprise directly under the
ministries, commissions or bureaus of the State Council, the Chinese party
shall submit to the department in charge the project proposal and
feasibility study report for the establishment of a foreign-invested
advertising enterprise. Upon examination and consent by the department in
charge, those documents shall be submitted to the State Administration for
Industry and Commerce for final examination and approval.
Upon receipt of all the documents required, the State Administration
for Industry and Commerce shall, within 30 days, make a decision of
approval or disapproval over the establishment of the foreign-invested
advertising enterprise.
(2) After the issuance of the "Certificate of Examination and Approval
Opinions for Foreign-Invested Advertising Enterprises" by the State
Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Chinese party shall submit
the contract and articles of association of the foreign-invested
advertising enterprise to the local foreign trade, and after being
checked by the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities at the
level of province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the
Central Government or the municipalities specifically listed in the State
plan, the relative documents shall be transferred to the Ministry of
Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation for final examination and approval.
In case the Chinese party is an enterprise directly under the
ministries, commissions or bureaus of the State Council, the Chinese party
shall submit to the department in charge the contract and articles of
association for the establishment of a foreign-invested advertising
enterprise. After being checked and consented by the department in charge,
the documents mentioned-above shall be transferred to the Ministry of
Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation for final examination and approval.
The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation shall,
according to the State laws and regulations governing foreign investment,
decide whether to approve or disapprove the establishment of such an
enterprise within the stipulated time limits.
(3) The Chinese party shall, with the "Certificate of Examination and
Approval Opinions for Foreign-invested Advertising Enterprises" issued by
the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the approval
certificate issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
Cooperation and other documents stipulated by the laws and regulations,
submit, according to the relative regulations on enterprise registration,
to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce or the local
administrations for industry and commerce authorized to check and register
enterprises with foreign investment for handling the formalities of
registration for an enterprise legal person.
The application of a foreign-invested advertising enterprise for
setting up a branch shall be examined and approved by the foreign trade
and economic cooperation department of the province, autonomous region,
municipality directly under the Central Government or the municipalities
specifically listed in the State plan, and then transferred to the
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation which shall, after
gathering opinions from the State Administration for Industry and
Commerce, decide whether to approve or disapprove it.
Article 6
To apply for establishing a foreign-invested advertising enterprise,
the following conditions shall be fulfilled in addition to the conditions
stipulated in the relative laws and regulations:
(1) all parties to a foreign-invested advertising enterprise must be a
fair-sized enterprise legal person which is mainly engaged in advertising
business;
(2) being able to introduce the world's advanced advertising
technology and equipment;
(3) having the capability for market investigation, advertising plan
and advertising effect measurement;
(4) being able to train the Chinese personnel in the aspects of
advertising plan, creation, design, production and management; and
(5) the registered capital being no less than US $ 300000.
Article 7
The foreign-invested advertising enterprise which intends to apply for
setting up a branch shall fulfill the following main conditions:
(1) the registered capital has been contributed in full;
(2) the annual volume of business shall not be lower than RMB 20
million yuan; and
(3) in the place where the branch is to be located, there must be
more than 3 relatively permanent advertising customers.
Article 8
When applying for the establishment of a foreign-invested adverting
enterprise, the Chinese party shall, according to the stipulations set
forth in Article 5 of these Regulations, submit to the State
Administration for Industry and Commerce the following documents:
(1) the application report for the establishment of a foreign-invested
advertising enterprise;
(2) the approval documents issued by the department in charge of the
Chinese party;
(3) the project proposal for the establishment of a foreign-invested
advertising enterprise;
(4) the feasibility study report worked out jointly by all the
parties;
(5) the registration testimonials for each party;
(6) the financial credit documents for each party;
(7) the documents for the main equipment used and technology adopted,
and their original sources;
(8) its advertising administration system; and
(9) the preliminary examination opinions of the local administrations
for industry and commerce.
Article 9
When applying for the establishment of a foreign-invested advertising
enterprise, the Chinese party shall, in accordance with the procedure
provided in Article 5 of these Regulations, submit to the Ministry of
Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation the following documents:
(1) the documents reported by local foreign trade and economic
cooperation departments or the ministries, commissions or bureaus
directly under the State Council;
(2) the "Certificate of Examination and Approval Opinions for
Foreign-invested Advertising Enterprises" issued by the State
Administration for Industry and Commerce;
(3) the contract and articles of association for the establishment of
the foreign-invested advertising enterprise;
(4) the project proposal and feasibility study report;
(5) the registration testimonials for each party;
(6) the financial credit documents for each party;
(7) the verification and approval documents for the name of the
enterprise issued by the administration authorities for industry and
commerce; and
(8) the name list of members of the board of directors and the
appointment documents for the directors from each party.
Article 10
Even after obtaining the approval certificate through examination, the
foreign-invested advertising enterprise shall, according to the procedure
stipulated in Article 5 of these Regulations, apply for approval in any of
the following cases:
(1) to change any party; or
(2) to change the business scope.
Article 11
These Regulations shall be applicable as a measure of reference to
enterprises with foreign investment if they apply for enlarging their
business scope to advertising business.
Article 12
These Regulations shall come into force as of January 1, 1995.